Asthma
A long-term condition where the airways become inflamed and narrow, causing wheezing, chest tightness, coughing, and difficulty breathing. Triggers include dust, pollen, smoke, cold air, and infections. With proper treatment, asthma can be well controlled.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
A progressive lung disease that includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema. COPD causes persistent breathlessness, long-term cough, sputum production, and reduced lung function—most commonly due to smoking or long-term exposure to pollution.
Bronchitis (Acute & Chronic)
Inflammation of the bronchial tubes leading to cough, mucus production, fatigue, and chest discomfort.
✅ Acute bronchitis is usually due to infections.
✅ Chronic bronchitis is long-term and often linked to smoking or pollution exposure.
Pneumonia
A serious lung infection that fills the air sacs with fluid or pus, causing fever, cough, chills, chest pain, and breathlessness. It may be bacterial, viral, or fungal and requires timely diagnosis and treatment.
Tuberculosis (TB) & Post-TB Lung Damage
TB is a bacterial infection that mainly affects the lungs, producing persistent cough, fever, night sweats, and weight loss. Even after treatment, some patients develop post-TB lung damage, including fibrosis, weakness, and long-term breathing problems.
Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD)
A group of chronic lung disorders that cause inflammation and scarring of lung tissues, making it harder for oxygen to pass into the blood. ILD leads to progressive breathlessness, dry cough, and reduced lung capacity.
Pulmonary Fibrosis
A form of ILD that results in thickening and stiffening of lung tissues. It causes worsening breathlessness, fatigue, and chronic dry cough. Treatment focuses on slowing progression and improving quality of life.
Lung Cancer
Abnormal and uncontrolled growth of lung cells that can block airways, cause persistent cough, chest pain, weight loss, or coughing blood. Early diagnosis through HRCT and bronchoscopy greatly improves treatment outcomes.
Pleural Effusion
A condition where excess fluid collects between the layers surrounding the lungs. This leads to sharp chest pain, difficulty breathing, and cough. It may result from infections, heart failure, or cancer and requires proper evaluation.
Pulmonary Edema
A life-threatening condition where fluid accumulates inside the lungs, causing severe breathlessness, restlessness, and low oxygen levels. It requires urgent medical attention and hospital-based treatment.